GRE的考试的议论文写作部分前天已经考完了,自我感觉还可以,今天翻了翻以前的习作,粘在BLOG上面,留存纪念.
第一篇: "when diciding, immediate situation and surroundings affect people more than their internal characteristic."
There have always been two factors have impacts on people's attitude: people's internal characteristic and their immediate situation. Some people believe that the latter's effect on their attitudes is far more important than that of internal characteristic. This opinion seems reasonable, and actually accords with some people's life experiences. However, I do not agree with that. I suppose a person's internal characteristic, such as his or her morality level, knowledge accumulation and even emotional feature, has determined directly the person's attitude.
In the first place, a person's morality level tells him or her whether something is right or wrong when he or she is facing specific problems. Fox example, when the great earthquake happened in Sichuan, China on May 12th, 2008, Most of people tried their best, even taking the risk of sacrificing their lives to save the injured people, while others just ran away from dangerous houses, no matter whether their wives, husbands, students taught are safe or not. If the people's attitude are determined by the immediate situation rather than people's internal characteristics, why people acted so differently when facing similar surroundings? Therefore, we can predict that people's attitude, or even their behavior will be mainly caused by his or her morality level, as a part of his internal characteristic, no matter what specific problems they meet.
In the second place, people's knowledge accumulation, or educational background to a greater extent determines his or her attitude towards a specific issue. When an prehistoric human encountered a heavy thunderstorm, he or she may thought this is the punishment of an undetected god. But what a contemporary person with certain quantity of natural science thinks of this? He or she may suppose that it is only a natural phenomenon. We do not have to worry about that? Compared with those who are illiterate, people with abundant knowledge will certainly learn more about problems or situation they meet, and they will inevitably hold a scientific attitude towards these uncertainties. This conclusion completely refutes the opinion that immediate situation's role in deciding people's attitudes.
In the third place, emotional quota (EQ) is another important factor that has an impact on people's attitudes. As a philosopher said, 'Fortune is mainly determined by personal characteristic.' EQ, as well as IQ, is an important part of people's personal characteristic.
To sum up, immediate situation or surroundings seem to influence a person's attitude, internal characteristic, however, is the major determinant. Although his or her situation or problems are different at different time and places, as long as he has developed a mature personal characteristic, his or her attitude will be less likely to change.
第二篇：ISSUE192 - "Success in any realm of life comes more often from taking chances or risks than from careful and cautious planning."
字数：468 用时：00:45:00 日期：2008-6-30 23:21:49
Some people make careful planning before doing anything, while others only take chances or risks. Which of them are likely to be successful? The answer to this question seems obvious. Making thorough plans before is a necessary part of doing things. The old saying "Think twice before you do it" has been proving this idea. However, consider it more widely and extensively, we may find success does not necessarily need cautious planning in some aspects of life, while in other realms of life, planning seems inevitable.
In most cases, making a careful preparation is necessary for one person or a group to succeed in achieving desired objective. Take the field of engineering for instance, without a thorough scheme for building the atomic bomb, the project group would not have completed this task in such a short period. It is said that only the planning files of the project could take up the space of a whole library. Another example originated from my own life. As members of our college soccer team, my fellow players and I spent five whole afternoons in the playground to discuss how to defend and attack, thus eventually defeated the team from another university. The examples like these is too numerous to be listed. As a result, when we face some important challenges and difficulties in our life and time allows us to do better, we should make a plan as cautious and extensive as possible. After all, preparation makes perfect.
In some cases, when time is not enough for us to prepare for doing something, or if we can handle the situation by our intuition, the best way to do is to take risks, without any planning. When we find someone drowning in the river, we should not consider how to save his or her life in a better way; the only thing to do is to save him or her as soon as possible, whatever method can be used. After all, saving people's lives can be seen successful. In addition, the rapid changing situation in business world is forcing companies' employees to take action promptly; otherwise they will lose in the market. Sometimes even one step faster than your competitors can ensure your leading status in marketing. This is quite true especially in the field of information technology. Plans seem never catch up with changes in CPU design and software programming. Thus, not all realms of life need careful planning.
To sum up, although we must make preparations before we do something, large or tiny, important or less important, like birds must get up early to catch the worms, we should exert our braveness and confidence to take risks when time does not allow us to prepare. Both cautious planning and taking risks can promote our efforts to come close to success.
第三篇：ISSUE14 - "It is necessary for everyone to read poetry, novels, mythology and other types of imaginative literature."
字数：473 用时：00:45:00 日期：2008-6-29 21:44:39
Does imaginative literature make sense to everyone? Some think that it is no use to read poetry, novels or mythology, because the content of these kinds of literature does reflect important issues in contemporary world. Some even suppose that it is a waste of time for an engineer, a surgeon or a person with such jobs to read poetry, for imaginative literature cannot do any good to his or her job. Others, however, hold the opinion that it is necessary for everyone to read some types of imaginative literature, because it is so important for our life and even future. I totally agree with the latter idea.
In the first place, reading novels or mythology can improve readers' imaginative ability, which is an essential part of human intelligence. None of us grow up without imagination. Without Laiter brothers' imagination, the invention of aero plane would be impossible. Without Karl Benz's imagination, we would not enjoy the convenience of modern vehicle transportation. Imagination is so important but not so easy to obtain. Where can we acquire it? The imaginative literature, such as poetry and novels, provides such a wide range of sources.
In the second place, even though those people whose job seems no relation with imaginative literature, imagination is also important. And one's appreciation of such literature can be shared by different people, including your working partner. For instance, the ex-Chinese ambassador of the United States, Li Zhaoxing, is at the same time a great poet. When asked by a reporter what use of poem in foreign affairs, he said that poems, especially well-known ones, can promote a relaxing atmosphere in foreign negotiation. Another is example exists in my real life. One of friends majoring in physics, was offered a vacant post by a famous professor in his faculty, just because he could recite an ancient poem when interviewed. The professor said that my friend must have known our county's glorious past and my friend would certainly be a talented person.
In the third place, If no one read imaginative literature, some good traditions of our nation will be lost, for classic poems, novels or even myth, have recorded a large amount of historical events. We can say that if young generation of the Great Britain did not read any works written by William Shakespeare, Englishmen would lose some precious values respected by their ancestors. In the mean time, if no one in modern China read novels by Lu Xun, China would not have a brilliant future, for all main characters in his novels reflect the weakness of Chinese people. Young people can learn a lot from his novels.
To sum up, although the usage of imaginative literature cannot take effects in the short run, it is surely a valuable source of imagination, knowledge and values. Everyone of us should read some of it.
第四篇: We can usually learn much more from people whose views we share than from people whose views contradict our own; disagreement can cause stress and inhibit learning.
472 words, 50 mins
People always hold different opinions on choosing what kind of person to learn from. Most people think the person whose views we can share is a better teacher than the person whose ideas are different from ours. Some even think contradiction makes stress and inhibit learning. However, I do not agree with this perspective, for learning from person with different views has a number of advantages to obtain knowledge, and it is quite conducive to learn from these people.
First, learning from people with contradicting views can improve our thinking and knowledge, rather than inhibit learning. The Confucius in China once said, 'There will be inevitably a teacher among three persons around you'. This means we can learn from everyone, including the people with different ideas. To listen to the person with contradicting views can help us learn more about the background of the view he or she holds. For example, I used to think that the Buddhist only prays and do nothing good to our society until I met a monk on the train. His experience as a volunteer to raise money for reconstruction of a destroyed village in an earthquake surprised me a lot. He also explained that the Buddhist always does his or her best to benefit our society. This kind of learning from the person with contradicting ideas expands my thoughts about this religion. I suppose that people who are not willing to learn from people with contradicting ideas will certainly be limited in his or her small scale circle. No matter in ordinary life, or in academic field, it is an outstanding way of learning if we can learn from the people with contradicting ideas.
Second, as a graduate student and a future teacher/researcher, learning contradicting views is a way of learning, which cannot be given up. As we all know, disagreement can cause stress and even quarrel, but these experience will benefit the growth of a future scientist. We need some stress to force us to think more deeply and more widely. New ideas in science always originate from disagreement or critics. For example, if Einstein had not opposed the theory of Newton, there would not have been the theory of relativity, a major advance in physics. We cannot imagine what the science today will be if all scientists are conformists, just talking with the people with the same ideas. Of course, the people sharing views with us are easier to communicate and more readily to become friends, but this does not mean we cannot learn from people with different ideas just because of so-called 'stress'.
In a word, although we can learn both from people who share views with us and from those who opposed us, we will learn more from the latter. I think this is a basic principle for every future scientist.
第五篇: "It is more important to allocate money for immediate, existing social problems than to spend it on long-term research that might help future generations."
I don't agree this point of view. To some extent, long-term research, especially the basic scientific research, of which immediate benefit can’t be predicted, is more worthwhile for us to fund, because it can bring us more and larger benefit than we input now.1. Long-term research helps a nation to take a leading step in the future world of science. Take America for example, if there were not a considerable amount of money input in the space exploring, environmental research and information technology in the past decades, we could not imagine that the US. can keep ahead nowadays.2. Long-term research helps science solve the existing social problems that cannot be addressed immediately. For instance, the energy crisis began in the early 1970s has been a real problem. As far as I am concerned, this problem has been causing conflicts among countries, large or small scale. If we invest more into the research about seeking cheaper and more accessible substitutes for oil and coal, we may solve these social problems in another way.3. However, we must admit that a country must choose its investment priority, long-term research or existing social problems solution, according to its level of economic development and the key demand of its citizens. A wise political leader must achieve a certain balance in spending the money collected from the taxpayers. Even if…, In sum, immediate social problems seem important, but long-term research can bring us long-term benefit.
第六篇:It is unfortunate but true that political decisions and activities affect all aspects of people's lives.
In contemporary society, life of every citizen has been greatly influenced by political decisions and activities. This kind of influence either improves the living quality of people and thus welcomed by them, or it sometimes makes people feel uncomfortable, even offended. There should be a balance of our attitude towards this effect.
To begin with, over influence of political decisions and activities on people's lives may pose a negative effect. For example, since the event 'September 11th', a great many American citizens have claimed that their lives have been permeated by everywhere safety inspections, such as in an air-flight to a neighboring state, or in a football match they like. Those kinds of safety inspections are part of national anti-terrorism scheme, which is a typical political decision. The delayed air-flight sometimes make passengers feel irritated, but they cannot do anything about it. This illustrates how a governmental behavior affected private life negatively. That is what we are not expecting and we must make every effort to decrease its bad influence.
However, we should know, in civilized societies, it is the consequence of people's public choice that formed political activities. And these activities have their advantages on people's lives in most cases. In China, there is a public campaign on prohibiting uses of plastic bags in supermarkets and shops. This campaign is sponsored by the central government and implemented by various levels of government. This activity sharply lowered the 'white pollution' caused by thousands and millions of tons of plastic bags, which cannot be recycled effectively. This case shows if a political decision is made to improve people's lives, its effect on people should be seen positively. As the economist Adam Smith said, 'Government should be the night watchman for free market.' This illustrates that as long as the political activities are within the rational boundary, they will certainly be in favor of people's lives.
Furthermore, if there were no political activities, most people's lives would be badly ruined. The world must have been a great garbage pile if there were not any policies of environmental protection. A weak nation must have been invaded by its strong neighbour if there were no defending activities. Overall, if there were no governmental activities, the whole world would be in chaos. We do not live on an isolated island with only single Robinson but in a world with billions of population. To make our world better, people should vote for a government, which will make political decisions.
Overall, political activities may have a bad effect on people's lives, but they also affect positively every aspect of personal survival and development. We cannot look at only one side of the coin. The right attitude towards political activities should be in a balance.
第七篇:"People work more productively in teams than individually. Teamwork requires cooperation, which motivates people much more than individual competition does."
Different People have different productivity and motivation. Some people works far more effectively when they work alone than working in teams, while others are more productive when they work in a group or a team. I think the speaker's opinion is too arbitrary, for a person's productivity of working depends on both his or her personality and the type of team he or she serves. And the extent of motivation of a person is not necessarily higher in a team than work individually.
In the first place, the individual's personality has a great impact on his or her productivity. We can divide people into two different groups: introverts and extroverts. Those who are introverts tend to work more effectively when they work in solitude, without other people's interruptions. People who are extroverts seem to be less efficient when they work alone. In this situation, they may feel no interest in work, saying nothing of high productivity. We cannot force an inaccessible mathematic, who is an expert at solving abstract questions, to work with noisy colleagues. Also, a football player will be more welcomed and motivated when he or she cooperates with fellows well, thus lead to win the game. Therefore, productivity may fisrt?first be influenced by individual's personality, not the number of people's working fellows.
In the second place, the feature of a person’s job or career affects his or her productivity and working motivation. For example, the job as an inventor or an explorer needs time of solitude to work with more efficiency. As far as I am concerned, those jobs which need long period of thinking, reflection and calculation, are suited for people to work individually, not in a team. In another word, people of those jobs are better motivated when are done by himself or herself. However, a manager must work with engineers, technicians and workers to solve existing problems. This kind of work needs more cooperation and cooperation can help improve his or productivity.
In the third place, the organizational characteristic also plays an important role in affecting person's productivity and motivation. When the leader of an organization is open-minded and can easily make its members to work more hard, the productivity of both individual and organization will be increased sharply. For example, when I was in high school, my headteacher frequently encouraged us to achieve our goals and he also made every effort to let us help each other, therefore a cooperative environment in our class formed. Only in this kind of organization, every member would be highly motivated and thus could achieve high productivity. This illustrates that only friendly cooperation can promote high productivity.
Overall, whether an individual's productivity and motivation is high or not has several determinants. Simply saying that cooperation and working in team is better, is not only arbitrary, but easily leads to deviant expectation of the youth as well. Encouraging a person to work in a team he or she can not get along well with, is harmful to his or her career life. I advise people to choose proper working environment for themselves, individually or as a member of a team, to achieve high productivity and motivation.
第八篇: No field of study can advance significantly unless outsiders bring their knowledge and experience to that field of study.
470 words, 45 mins
In the history of science, we can find an obvious fact that one discipline will develop much faster or endure a great heap if other fields of study can transfer their theory, method, knowledge and experience, intentionally or unintentionally, to this field of study. I certainly support what the speaker said according to the fact and my observation as followed.
In the first place, the knowledge and experience from other areas of study can help researchers think and explain the important issues in the original area, and also this kind of disciplinary interaction and participation has already changed the original discipline, even gives birth to new disciplines. For example, a large number of scholars in my country have been arguing that discipline of pedagogy, or educational science, will die out because it lacks the legitimacy and cannot explain, not even solve the real problems in the field of education. The actual situation, however, is that the field of education has been blooming after some traditional social science, such as economics, sociology and even political science, entered this field and tried their best to explain educational phenomena, based on the new perspectives of these disciplines. And now new inter-disciplines, such as economics of education, sociology of education can find their place in the study. Indeed, outsiders of one field of study look like an invader for the researchers of the original discipline, but they are actually participants. They bring new ideas, and make new blood in the old field in order to explain the real world more deeply and more extensively.
In the second place, the evidence that more and more inter-disciplinary studies emerged in the practice of science proves that any discipline is welcoming outsiders to take part in. An attitude of welcome shows they need knowledge and experience to improve themselves, otherwise their advancement will speed down, or even stagnate. Thousands and thousands of academic journals, named such as "Biochemistry", "the economics of education review", are indicating that science is now becoming a seemly non-boundary world. We can see a trend that every discipline has been using wisdom and perspective of others. In the practice, we can also frequently see that a large project is done by a team including investigators with different disciplinary background. As Confucius said, 'There will inevitably be a teacher in the three people around you', we cannot see there are any differences in the field of study.
Overall, no discipline can advance smoothly or even survive in this rapidly changing world if there are no new ideas, perspectives from another discipline or even from an amateur. Every scientist must face this trend positively. This means study is a never-ending process. If we confine ourselves in a small circle and do not prepare to welcome this participation and cooperation, we will certainly fall behind.
第九篇：ISSUE196 - "Technology creates more problems than it solves, and may threaten or damage the quality of life."
字数：466 用时：00:40:46 日期：2008-7-2 15:41:04
Technology is rapidly changing our life and production in contemporary world. People use high technology to solve problems that could never be solved without it. However, a number of problems have also been caused by technology. Some even think technology creates more problems than it solves. This opinion seems reasonable at first glance, but further reflection would prove that it is not persuasive.
In the first place, I should admit that technology has posed some detrimental effect on our life. This effect can be seen or heard in newspapers, televisions, films and even in textbooks for young students. The air pollution caused by waste gas from vehicles has been threatening people's health, although cars and motors give us much convenience. The water pollution resulted from chemical plants has been damaging the quality of water, which cannot be used for drinking. As a result, so-called high technology indeed threatens some aspects of our contemporary life quality, which cannot be neglected.
In the second place, however, technology helps us to solve a large number of problems and has already improved our quality of life. For instance, tele communication makes us speak to each other from all over the world. In other worlds, telecom technology has made our world a small village. Another example is the invention of the Internet. This high technology is so popular that both people and business benefit a lot from it. The examples of technology benefit are too numerous to be listed in such a short passage. None of us can imagine what our world would be like without telephones, televisions, Internet, or other usage of technology.
In the third place, technology can help people learn how to understand our earth and world's future. As a famous scientist put it: 'the exploration of the universe let us know how tiny things we truly are.' This conclusion would never be obtained without the equipment and people outfitted with space technology. Furthermore, without the satellite survey, we would never be concerned with the destroyed tropical rain forests and the warm-house effect caused partly by deforestation. In addition, the wide-spread use of statistic technology in the population census has helped us calculate how many people are given birth in a year, or even in a day. Obviously, equipped with more and more new technology, we can understand the survival and development of human beings has been facing so many challenges. This urgent situation promotes our reflection about our attitude of technology usage.
To sum up, we should understand that technology acts like a double-edged sword. To be beneficial or harmful to human life, depends on the people who use it and how to use it. If people use it not only for contemporary society but also for our descendents, technology will creates more convenience for our world.
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